Gastroesophageal reflux disease Essay Example

Gastroesophageal reflux disease Essay This essay will explore two case studies based around orthopedic and gastrointestinal nursing. Claire is a 61 year old female who has been admitted with a Tip/Fib fracture of her right leg and a left Coles fracture, with a past history of osteoarthritis and recently osteoporosis. Justine is a 33 year old male admitted with Castro esophageal reflux disease plus or minus peptic ulcer disease prepping for a gastropod and oscilloscope. Clinical presentations and nursing management as well as disease processes will be made evident throughout. (a) Arthritis is the common word used to describe inflammation of joints in the unman body. Osteoarthritis is the most common form of this, known for creating wear and tear. The physiology affects all joint tissues and in particularly, cartilage, causing structural and biochemical modifications before finally destroying. Most commonly affects weight bearing joints such as hips, knees, and spine but can affect others if previous injury or excessive st ress has occurred. (Possess et al. 2014) Osteoporosis is a complex condition in which the skeletal systems bone strength is compromised leading to increased fragility and bone fractures. This occurs when bones lose minerals quicker than the body can replace them, for example, calcium. Therefore bone density and strength decreases, holes form and bones are susceptible to breakage. (Becker, 2008) (b) Examples of modifiable risk factors include dietary intake involving varied fruit and vegetables for example a calcium rich diet including dairy products or spinach. Other methods of obtaining sufficient calcium include supplements in the form of tablets. Increasing the level of physical activity such as weight bearing exercises and activities to strengthen bones is very important and reduces the risk of development or disease progression. Cache, 201 2) Non-modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis include advanced age in both men and women with an increased risk factor associated with genetics and family history. All ethnic groups are effected but in particularly European and Asian ancestries are predisposed. People who have had a bone fracture are twice a likely to have another fracture when compared with someone of the same age and sex. Cache, 2012) c) Clinical manifestations in relation to Claimers diagnosis of Osteoarthritis in both her hip and knees would have most commonly included pain and stiffness of the joints. Muscle weakness especially in the knee on ambulation as well as swelling of the joints may be present. Reduced range of motion and creaking of the joints may have been noted on further assessment. (Steinberg et al. , 2014) d) Osteoporosis is often not manifested until a fracture occurs however, Claire was diagnosed before her current fractures presented. We will write a custom essay sample on Gastroesophageal reflux disease specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Gastroesophageal reflux disease specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Gastroesophageal reflux disease specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer She may have accessed health services recently with a minor fracture and ongoing pain or possibly reduction in her height. Back pain is a classic symptom possibly affecting Claire, fractures also occur more easily when osteoporosis is present Becker, 2008) e) The post-operative care of a Coles fracture includes elevating the wrist above the elbow and encouraging Claire to make passive movements with her fingers and thumb regularly. This reduces edema and promotes venous return as well as rotating the shoulder to prevent stiffness and contractors. Apply ice regularly for the first 24 hours to reduce pain and swelling and commence half hourly neuromuscular observations for the first four hours post operatively to monitor for any signs of post-operative complications such as pain, numbness and poor capillary return. (Brown and Edwards, 012) Claimers Tip/Fib fracture with external fixation will have half hourly neuromuscular observations for the first four hours to monitor for post pop complications. These may include a fat embolism, severe pain, redness and swelling or numbness for example. Monitor external fixation sites for signs of infection and compartment syndrome whilst assessing neuromuscular observations or if Claire is complaining of pain and pressure in her leg. (Brown and Edwards, 201 2) f) Immediately assess neuromuscular observations to see if the pain is associated with numbness or tingling, capillary return and the amount of sieve movement present when compared with previous assessments. Administer pain relief, possibly OMG of Undone orally or 2. OMG of Morphine subcutaneously dependent on PR medications charted and allergy status. Notify doctor to review quickly as post pop complications such as acute carpal tunnel syndrome or complex regional pain syndrome may be occurring. Monitor general observations to ensure all aspects of the patients current State are noted. Median nerve compression may also be present due to the surgery that has been completed approximately eight hours earlier. (Alter, 008) g) Acute carpal tunnel syndrome occurs when the median nerve gets squeezed inside of the carpal tunnel located in the wrist, also known as nerve entrapment. The carpal tunnel is a channel formed by the wrist bones arranged in a circle like shape. Nerves and blood vessels pass through the channel from the wrist to the hand. Anything that effects pressure inside the carpal tunnel can cause compression of the median nerve, in turn leading to carpal tunnel syndrome. Symptoms include pain, numbness and tingling known as median enumerator. Open decompression of the carpal tunnel is he treatment used in an acute carpal tunnel syndrome case. (Never and Alias, 201 2) Complex regional pain syndrome, also known as CROPS is a chronic pain condition which Often affects one Of the limbs, usually after an injury or trauma especially triggered by a fracture. CROPS is thought to be triggered by injury to, or a glitch in the peripheral and central nervous systems either occurring when damaged by the fracture and after surgery. CROPS is described as sustained or extreme pain with symptoms occurring from mild to dramatic changes in skin color, temperature or swelling in the area affected. (Harden et al. 2013) 2 (a) Castro-esophageal reflux disease also known as GORED, is a disorder whereby the reflux of gastric contents is forced into the esophagi causing complications and symptoms reducing quality of life. Usually caused by changes in the barricade between the stomach and the esophagi. This includes abnormal relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter, which would normally hold the top of the stomach closed. Therefore forcing gastric juices upwards and can also be caused by a withal hernia. Common symptoms of GORED include persistent heartburn and acid regurgitation which may be relieved by antacid medication. Pain in the chest may also occur along with hoarseness in speaking and difficulty swallowing. Morocco, 2008) A peptic ulcer is known as a break or an ulceration in the protective mucosa lining of the stomach or duodenum. Factors that cause peptic ulcers include, gastric juices and medications listed as Nan-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs or Englands which aggravate the mucosa lining. Symptoms related to this disease include epigenetic discomfort, loss of appetite and weight loss. An ulcer can cause structural changes such as penetration through the muscular wall of the stomac h or duodenum into an adjacent organ for example the pancreas or liver. Perforation can also occur most commonly on the surface of the duodenum creating an opening in the free space of the abdominal cavity. (Rumanians and Salinas, 2007) b) Epigenetic pain and reflux are a common clinical manifestation which Justine has been experiencing in relation to suffering with recurrent bouts of GORED more common than usual. He is relieved with the use of over the counter antacids. Intolerance to fatty foods may have recently occurred as Justine regularly consumes this as well as having returned from overseas ill. Stress ay be playing a role due to Justine obtaining a new promotion with increased stress in his life. (Rumanians and Salinas, 2007) c) The common causative agent of peptic ulcer disease is the continual use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs also known as Englands. Especially when taken on an empty stomach can cause ulceration. Englands are a class of analgesic medication used to reduce pain, fever and inflammation and can cause sub mucosa erosion. (Blair and Belt, 2006) Proton pump inhibitors reduce gastric acid secretion by inhibiting certain enzymes called the proton pump in the parietal cells. In simple terms, proton pump inhibitors decrease the production of acids by blocking the specific enzyme in the wall of the stomach which is in charge of producing these acids. The reduction of acid decreases the production Of ulcers and allows any present ulcers in the esophagi, stomach or duodenum to heal effectively. Examples of these drugs include Pantaloon and Comparable relieving ulceration and reflux in peptic ulcer disease. (Tasmania and Havana, 2010) 3 (a) In preparation for a bowel related surgery or oscilloscope, oral bowel preparation will be administered slowly or if not tolerated, a instigators tube ay need to be inserted. The nurse will monitor all input and output on a fluid balance chart, the patient may be nil by mouth or on clear fluids. All stools will need to be visualized in a bedpan until clear, rectal enemas may be ordered by the doctor as a secondary method to clear out faces. The patient will be showered, placed in a gown, measured for compression stockings also known as DEEDS and paper underwear. All theatre paperwork will be filled out in relation to procedure, correct identification labels by two, labeled in red if allergies are present. Baseline observations and weight will be written on anesthetic chart prior to handover to theatre staff. Any pain issues will be managed with analgesia prior to procedure dependent on fasting status and type of procedure and intravenous therapy may be ordered. (Rapier and Houston, 2006) (b) View blood and stool in the toilet and if significant, notify doctor to review patient immediately as this is not a normal occurrence and something sinister is likely to be occurring internally. Justinian back to bed and monitor his vital signs and maintain fluid balance chart. An increased heart rate and low urine output may indicate significant blood loss. Monitor for further uncontrolled rectal bleeding and commence Intravenous therapy (0. % Normal Saline) if ordered by the treating doctor prior to oscilloscope/ gastropod. This will replace any bodily fluids lost through bleeding, stools, urination and sweat. Recommence bowel prep if the doctor requests, so as to be prepared for scopes. (Grapnel, Burbank and Aboard, 2008) c) Half hourly observations of blood pressure, heart rate, temperature and o xygen saturation levels for two hours due to sedation during procedure. Maintain fluid balance chart, measuring all input and output and managing pain if occurring. Monitor for ongoing rectal bleeding, measuring and visually inspecting all stools in a bed pan. Monitor for signs of perforation such as abdominal cramps or distension. Patient is to remain nil by mouth until gag reflex returns, warm saline gargles can be used to relieve sore throat from gastropod. Monitor temperature as a sudden spike becoming febrile can indicate perforation. (Brow and Edwards, 2012) Conclusion: It can be seen throughout this case study the differentiating nursing care and assessment of orthopedic and gastrointestinal patients. Pathologically of disease processes and clinical presentations related to understanding signoras and treatment is evident.

A Molestation Epidemic †Essay

A Molestation Epidemic – Essay Free Online Research Papers If you have a daughter, she has a one in five chance of being sexually abused before she turns twelve. One in five little girls under the age of twelve has been molested nationally by someone claiming the only thing they are guilty of is love. Through this paper, you will find facts and statistics showing that 92% of sexually abused children are not molested by some unknown on the street, but by a relative, close family friend or person of authority. You will discover that most molestations are not one-time offenses but continue for months and sometimes years before ever being disclosed. You will also learn the shockingly high number of white middle to upper-class offenders. This author will explore the offenders control over their victim and attempt to explain the victim’s silence. Lastly, we will look at the ability to rehabilitate and reintegrate sexual predators safely into society. Across our country the statics are startling; one in five female children are molested before reaching the tender age of five. While this appears as a staggering number the truth of the matter is these are only the number of cases reported. Officials feel the numbers are actually closer to one in three nationwide. What is even more alarming is the realization that these children are not targeted by some random individual off the street. In fact, ninety-two percent of molestations are carefully planned out by someone the family knows and trusts. In most cases, this individual is a step-father, father, uncle, cousin or family friend. These offenders lure a child into silence in a plethora of ways; they spend a very long time building trust with the child and family. Molestation isn’t something that just happens; molesters spend a great deal of time grooming the child. The more time they have to groom their victim, the least likely their victim is to speak. Young children are coerced into silence through a variety of different gifts, everything from puppies or kittens to snowboards, jewelry, make-up, a special food treat, or concert. If the offender feels like he might be losing his grip on her silence he will generally threaten harm, but not towards the child, instead to the child’s mother, sibling or favorite pet thus again ensuring obedient silence. Older children if groomed properly tend to become obsessed with the romance of the older man in love with the little girl. The molester will tell the child they love them, want them to replace the woman they are currently with, stress that nobody understands them as well as the child. Promise them everything their parents say no to, drinking, drugs, parties, and helping to hide boyfriends. This method works well with pre-teens and young teens that are trying desperately to establish their identity and want to be taken seriously and treated more maturely. These children are already in puberty, their bodies are changing and they are becoming curious. Male offenders will pray upon this approaching the child with innocent lessons. Playing the â€Å"you don’t want to be a klutz your first-time† card gets the molester in with the child who’s already afraid of disappointing boys with their lack of sexual knowledge. The girls commonly targeted are shy, quiet, and independent. It is thought that this combination in a child creates a doorway for the molester since the child is already antisocial. More often than not molesters are men; however, the number of female molesters is on the rise. Approximately twice as many incidents involve girls rather than boys (Hall). While most young men would view touching or even sex with an older woman as a â€Å"score† or good thing the number of women reported is up by twelve percent over the last five years (Child Molestation Research and Prevention Institute). Women offenders generally will target young boys, who are outcasts, loaners, the â€Å"geeks†, boys who are unpopular with the girls. Women offenders will show the boy love and affection, preying on the boys need to feel masculine, telling him he’s her protector, he’s so strong anything that will bolster his self-esteem and cause her to be the object of his affection. The early education of young boys has aided in the increasing numbers of women offenders; however, the larger increase is coming from women molesting girls. Girls tend to be more prone t o report a female offender than a male; experts believe that this is because as girls reach puberty they become more obstinate against their mothers, thus resisting female authority. It has been found that girls who get in trouble at school generally are having problems with another female, either a teacher they think has pushed too far, or a peer that has an opposing view to their own. Another very startling fact to most people is where this heinous act is found. A very common misconception is that only lower class minorities need to worry. In reality, it is exactly the opposite. More reported offenders are Caucasian males of middle or upper class between the ages of 30-50. Your child’s best friend’s father, your brother, your cousin, your husband or your father are all to be considered potential offenders. The most common place form of child molestation is by an immediate family member. In one in seven cases of child molestation, the offender is the male in a father figure role, the biological father, stepfather or adoptive father. One in thirteen reported cases of molestation are uncles, cousins or brothers. (Gretchen Turner, Nora Harlow, and Whitney Gabriel.) Molesters never LOOK like anything but a normal everyday hardworking individual. They are family men, pastors, teachers, coaches people whom everyone assumes is a friend and a safe place for their child. Forty percent of all molestations end in some form of the medical condition, often it is this condition that causes the offender to be revealed. Out of forty percent of molestation cases, three percent end in pregnancy which leads to the prosecution of the offender. One percent results in HIV which as we all know has not only no cure but will generally lead to death. Sixty-three percent are infected with the incurable venereal disease herpes, which generally comes as a shock to parents because with smaller children it’s a very nasty, painful sore that causes them to reveal it to their parents. Fifteen percent are diagnosed with other types of venereal disease’ many putting the child at risk of infertility when they get older. The remaining eighteen percent are either injured or treated for physical problems that again can cause many issues as the girl gets older. In the end, all children need very intense therapy. (Kenneth V. Lanning) While the law has taken a very strong stance on this crime over the last ten years the system is still flawed. While convicted offenders are required by law to register with local authorities around 50% do not. Let us take a brief look at the word convicted. The definition of convicted is transitive verb 1 : to find or prove to be guilty 2 : to convince of error or sinfulness intransitive verb: to find a defendant guilty (2009) . These individual have to be convicted criminally, however, only about 25% of cases are ever actually prosecuted. â€Å"The burden of proof is far too high† says Firestone District Attorney Craig Merrit, â€Å"Juries simply do not want to believe that this crime is happening in their community, or that this man that looks like the epitome of middle-class suburbia could possibly do this to his daughter. They prefer to think that the child saw it on T.V. so it’s happening to them. Often the defense in these cases force the child to take the witness stand, most become disoriented, their stories start changing because of confusing questions and that alone gives a jury reasonable doubt. While as a DA I want to see every one of these jerks behind bars, the reality of the situation is if I don’t have very hard physical proof and I mean major damage, bruises, tearing, pregnancy or seamen, I won’t prosecute because it’s far too hard on the children† (Craig Merrit). Many times when the offender is a parent, older sibling or someone living within the home child protective services files what is called a Dependant and Neglected case, or DN. This type of case is done on a civil level and is used alongside and in many cases in lieu of a criminal case. The burden of proof is much lower in a DN case because it is civil, in these cases they only have to think something happened. This causes the offender to have a restraining order filed although they do not have to register as sex offenders, nor do they ever have any record of what they have done. The major downfall to a DN case is it is also filed against the nonoffending parent or parents and in order for the children to receive proper therapeutic services the nonoffending parents must plead guilty. While this causes no marks upon their records and causes no problems in background checks, it does often cause the parents much personal discomfort. Sadly there seems to be no cure for this crime. According to the article For sex offenders, the dispute on therapys benefits (Goodnough Davey) only approximately 12% of sex offenders is able to be rehabilitated. Faulted for this unbelievable number is low conviction rates and low release rates. Parole boards, are responsible for the release of offenders and simply do not feel comfortable placing sex offenders back on the streets without some form of assurance from the offender. Most child sex offenders around 73% (Lanning) begin grooming their next victim within the first year of their release. Strangely, close to the same number of offenders falls off the tracking radar as swiftly. Another factor that is blamed for the low rehabilitation rates is the lack of true honesty among the offenders. Most of those guys, they are just faking it to make it, Mr. Carlin said. Theyre just waiting to get released so they can go right back to what they were doing. (Goodnough Davey) Through reading this paper it is this author’s sincerest hope that you have gleaned an understanding of this heinous crime. Girls from all walks of life are vulnerable and the predators are right in their own living room. Children remain silent for many reasons, some are frightened, others are ashamed but each child needs to be reminded that this was not their fault. Recovery from a sex crime can take a lifetime; parents need to remain vigilant for the signs not only from their children, but the people they allow around their children. Sex crimes are not to be taken lightly nor is it to be believed that offenders can safely reintegrate. Sexual offenders may know what they have done is wrong, but will not change their actions without continual intervention. Gene G Abel, M.D., and Nora Harlow (2001). The Stop Child Molestation Book Xlibris (Study test revised April 2002) . Gretchen Turner, Nora Harlow, and Whitney Gabriel. (2003, Fall). Child Sexual Abuse: A New Model for School Counselor Consultations ` Georgia School Counselors Association Journal. Vol 2 No 4 Child Molestation Research and Prevention Institute (2007). Retrieved November14, 2008 from childmolestationprevention.org/index.html Lesley A. Hall paedophilia The Oxford Companion to the Body. Ed. Colin Blakemore and Sheila Jennett. Oxford University Press, (2001). Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. Apollo Group. Retrieved January 11, 2009 oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Mainentry=t128.e707 American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry : Child Sexual Abuse (2008 May) Retrieved November 14, 2008 from aacap.org/cs/root/facts_for_families/child_sexual_abuse Kenneth V. Lanning (2001) Child Molesters: A Behavior Analysis Center for Missing and Exploited Children. Retrieved November 14, 2008 from missingkids.com/en_US/publications/NC70.pdf Goodnough, Abby, and Monica Davey. For sex offenders, dispute on therapys benefits.(National Desk). The New York Times. (March 6, 2007): A1(L). Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale. Apollo Library. 11 Jan. 2009 . convict. (2009). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved January 11, 2009, from merriam-webster.com/dictionary/convict Research Papers on The Molestation Epidemic EssayThe Broken FamilyIs the Use of Psychotropic Drugs in the Treatment ofSexuality at Different Life Stages EssayAdvertising EssayChildhood Obesity EssayLegalization of Same Sex MarriagesProbation OfficersBooker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells-BarnettEmmett Till BiographyThe Story of Beatrix Potter

The future of healthcare financing Research Paper

The future of healthcare financing - Research Paper Example With many driving forces affecting the market, e.g. consumerism and internet, various alternative health care financing companies have emerged. With the market looking for new solutions, the future of health care financing will be embedded on e-health plans. Technology has become an important aspect towards the changes being experienced in the sector (Schimpff 109). Many e-plans are likely to arise in order to cater for the increasing demand for reliable health care. In addition, many multinational companies are likely to shift into the health care sector in order to tap in the increasing profits. This will aim at reducing the risks and uncertainties associated with concentrating on a single market. The future of health care will be characterized by an effective relationship between the patients and the health care providers. Initially, the relationship did not exist. However, over the past few years, the relationship between the patients and doctors has improved tremendously. This is creating a base for the future health care financing. Doctors will be an important source of information on the best health care plan. This will play a significant role in enhancing the treatment process. Economists estimates that the hospital prices for privately insured patients will continue to rise especially in the consolidated markets. They forecast that providers will maximize their revenues through excessive use of imaging, testing, and specialty care. Therefore, in future, the government will have to intervene in order to prevent overexploitation of the population by the health care providers who are leaning more on profit maximization rather than service delivery (Cleverley, James and Paula 56). This move will be forced by the widening disparity on prices between various health sectors. The future of health financing will be characterized by effective systems. The health care providers will be

The Changing Face of Islamism though its Colonial History Essay

The Changing Face of Islamism though its Colonial History - Essay Example Whether it was ruled by empires essentially Arab like those of the Ottoman, Arab, Iranian, or other Western superpowers, Islam has seemed to have made the most of these influences. But a more critical review is required to demonstrate whether this is entirely true in the face of Islam's stringent value system and lofty ideals, which are known to purport into every aspect of an individual's life. This paper seeks to explore the aspect of influences on the representation of Islam, from a critical point of view. To make our point more clear before proceeding to assess various influences that brought Islamism to where it now stands, it would be imperative to delve into a brief history of the colonial trends seen in the Islam world. Peculiar in its adoption of revolution which triggers modernity, Islamism has come to borrow ideas from the "social movement theory" in order to assist social scientists as they endeavor to study Islamism. Thus, we will find historical and structural explanations by linking Islamism to the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, as well as the disappearance of caliphate as a symbol of Muslim unity. Further, the legacies of the Crusades and western imperialism, fundamentalist interpretations about the life of the Prophet and the Jihad apart from the American presence in Saudi Arabia and the war in Iraq have fuelled negative emotions such as frustration and humiliation.

Current health and safety legislation Essay Example for Free

Current health and safety legislation Essay Ensure the area in or outdoors is free of any hazards or risks and is safe for CYP to work or play in safely. There should be adequate space for the number of people using it to move round comfortably and safely. Equipment should be stored safely storage should be labelled clearly. Furniture should be appropriate size for age of CYP using it. Lighting and noise should be taken into account and specific risks to individuals as in pregnancy, impaired sight or hearing, disabled, and CYP with special educational needs. We have a duty of care towards all the CYP in our care. The outdoor environment has some different needs like secure boundaries, being regularly inspected. The area should be checked for litter broken glass or animal droppings. Ensure any plants bushes or trees are safe no thorns or nettles and no poisonous or irritant leaves, berries, or flowers. Safety rules should be displayed and explained to the CYP also making sure they have a clear understanding of how to use any toys or equipment safely. Areas that include ponds, pools and sandpits etc should be covered when not in use. Be aware of lines of responsibility for checking the learning environment for risks and hazards. Your health and safety officer should answer any queries you have. There should be the correct ratio of adults to children with suitable training and safety clearance. In both these environments and off-site visits everyone should be aware of what to do in case of: emergencies, fire alarms, incidents, accidents or illness. Be aware of possible signs and indicators of child abuse: physical, emotional, sexual abuse, bullying and harassment , neglect and failure to thrive not based on illness. The signs could be: behavioural changes such as regression, withdrawal, excessive attention seeking, aggression and negative behaviour. Physical indicators such as unlikely bruising, burns, marks, genital irritation or damage, hunger , being dirty, lack of  health care. In school we have notices about certain children whom either have allergies, specific illnesses that require specialised medication or immediate contacting of emergency services, they have a picture of the child and detailed instructions of what to do in an emergency. All incidents and accidents no matter how minor are recorded in detail in our first aid book, anything more serious has to be recorded on special incident sheets along with any witness statements. We have regular fire drill practices. There are security locks on the main exits that can only be opened with a swipe card that only members of staff have. If someone should get through this system and are unknown to staff they will be challenged by any member of staff within the school and asked to leave. All the CYP’s are regularly reminded of stranger danger and what to do if they should be approached by a stranger. The gates are locked to the entrance of the school at starting and leaving times for the CYP’s to ensure there is no danger from cars or lorries driving on and off site. CYP are regularly reminded of hygiene issues like washing hands after using the toilet or at lunch times before eating their food, there are also posters to remind them on a daily basis too.

Chaucers The Canterbury Tales Essay -- Chaucer Canterbury Tales Essay

Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales While the majority of literary classics today do well at engaging the reader and allowing them a vicarious understanding of a fictitious character’s life, Chaucer found a way to engage more than just the reader and the character. In his Canterbury Tales, Chaucer masterfully links together himself as the author, himself as a character in the story, the other characters, and then finally the readers. Chaucer’s â€Å"narrative flow† forms a type of giant sphere, where connections can be made from both characters and real people to characters connecting with other characters. Starting with Chaucer-the man, it is apparent that he is looking at his characters, the pilgrims on their journey. As he is writing their stories and descriptions, Chaucer is creating them to emulate people he has found in real life. Chaucer watches his own created characters to see how they react and therefore expresses his personal views of certain classes of people. Chaucer-the man also sees Chaucer-the pilgrim. Like his created pilgrims in the story, Chaucer has found a way to put ...

Saving Electricity

Why Save Electricity? With the rising costs and shrinking economy more and more people are acting responsible and seacrhing for reasonable ways to save electricity. The other reason apart from these are that saving electricty will bring down your electicity bills, save you money and decrease pollution. Although many people have shifted to renewable sources such as solar power, there are other electricty saving tips too which will help you to conserve power. Electricity Saving At Home Replace old light bulbs with new florescent bulbs. Turn off the lights when not in use. Never leave electrical appliances on a standby. Keep doors and windows closed when heat or air conditioning is on. Check heat setting on the water heater. By lowering down the temperature you can reduce electricity. Put a layer of insulation around the water heater. Avoid using dryers in the washing machine since they consume huge amount of electricity when switched on. Turn off the water when brushing teeth and use less water for shower which will save electricity which is used to heat water. Do not use light bulbs during day hours. Use sunlight as much as possible. Electricity Saving At Office Use Ceiling fan as much as possible instead of air conditioners. Use maximum day light and use florescent bulbs. They are initially more expensive than the regular bulbs, but the benefits of the CFL bulbs will prove much more cost-effective in the long run by the amount of power they will save. Switch monitors of your PC when you are going to be away from PC for more than 10 mins. Use LCD monitors instead of CRT monitors. Get the consumption of AC's, PCs, Printers, Scanners, Refrigerator, Microwave Lift, EPBAX, lights, coffee machines etc. checked. There are some power saving equipments available which can be installed near the main point, which controls the excess supply being sent to the machine. Keep the doors & windows of the office closed when AC's are on.