Paulo Freire and Participatory Action Research Research Paper Example

Paulo Freire and Participatory Action Research Paper My experience with students has mainly been centered within community centers, alternative, and charter high schools. Therefore I have chosen to design a 10-week project for disadvantaged 9th grade students utilizing a select number of content areas such as English and History to actually be implemented in Summer 2005. The project is designed around a strategic set of principles designed to promote learning and academic achievement for inner-city Latino students, some who experienced time in a juvenile detention center. These principles are centered on trust, conflict resolution, culture, self-reflection, and motivation. The principles emerged from conducting earlier research and focus interviews with students, families, and teachers. The practice of incorporating thoughts and interests of these individuals for the purposes of research and positive outcome stems from a method called participatory action research (PAR). In the his book, Paulo Freire (1970) cites the use of PAR methods, mentioned previously, for teaching literacy in South America in a way that empowered local people to act to change their lives (Freire, 1970). Freire (1970) acknowledged the oppressed as the masters of inquiry into the underlying causes of circumstances in their world. PAR emerged as both action and participatory research methods combined. PAR became defined as a method of research involving everyone who is at stake to collaborate and create positive change through critical examination. It is a qualitative process that occurs in cycles of planning, acting, observing and reflecting in a dynamic and flexible manner. We will write a custom essay sample on Paulo Freire and Participatory Action Research specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Paulo Freire and Participatory Action Research specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Paulo Freire and Participatory Action Research specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Studies appropriately utilizing PAR have noted feelings of empowerment and positive outcomes among researched communities of color, which makes it attractive for use among Latino students. PAR in combination with proper teacher preparation instills effective teaching pedagogy, a strategic set of principles designed to promote student learning and academic achievement. PAR builds upon multicultural education by harvesting these principles with deep consideration to the cultural backgrounds of the people who are being affected. Without proper teacher preparation, stereotypes and lack of knowledge regarding Latino communities play a factor in how a teacher strategically formulates principles to promote learning. Furthermore, these factors serve as obstacles and impedes upon providing an effective curriculum (Ballas, 1993). Without being trained and challenged, inner-city Latino students will not be able to achieve their full potential and become significant contributors to various sectors of society. Although multicultural education serves to be a great resource in schools, this project delves deeper into the issues experienced by disadvantaged Latino students. Inner-city themes of violence stemming from trust and conflict resolution are issues that need to be resolved before even continuing to become empowered through culture. In previous research, exploring the paradox of inner-city Latino students having a school identity along with a street identity led to finding that students are able to manage both identities (Mohammad, 1999). However, they are not usually maintained well and usually one of the identities gradually fades. This project attempts to help the street identity be the one the fade away and solidify the school identity. This is most likely to be achieved through increasing self-esteem and motivation in considering Krashens affective filter theory. According to Krashen, speaking out in a new language can result in anxiety, embarrassment, or anger. These negative emotions can create a kind of filter that blocks the learners ability to process new or difficult words (Chamness, et. al. 2004). Classrooms that are fully engaging, nonthreatening, and affirming of a childs native language and cultural heritage can have a direct effect on the students ability to learn by increasing motivation and encouraging risk taking. The affective filter may be deep-rooted in constructing a strong school identity or may even be a factor in the deconstruction or inability for a student to create a school identity. For instance a new bilingual student may experience high stress in their school environment. This stress may be from a situation that rose from negative interaction with classmates and/or teacher(s), ineffective educational policies, or through participation in class. If the stress rising from the situation causes a decrease in motivation and/or self-esteem, then the affective filter is engaged (Chamness, et. l. , 2004). Once the filter is engaged, then the student experiences difficulty in acquiring the English language. Upon notice in experiencing difficulty, the student may withdraw from class activities and becomes farther from having a solid school identity. Furthermore, parents and/or teachers may label the student and possibly establish a self-fulfilling prophecy. This may further propel the stude nt in solidifying an identity other than a school identity. The role of the teacher would be to help solidify the school identity by continuously revisiting the projects goals and objectives as well as discussing its activities with students. The teacher would also facilitate discussion, journal writing, and respect among students. Mentors who have previously experienced hardship would also be invited by the teacher to share their experiences with the class. The students would be engaged in a range of activities centered on writing and reading culturally significant texts and issues as well as learning about politics and history. These portions of the curriculum are designed to promote critical thought among students and an environment conducive to learning. The project would also contain a second component to build life and human relationship skills among students. These activities have been created from ideas discussed forth in previous interviews and focus group discussions. Since it has been previously noted that students and parents interests and concerns were never taken into consideration, it is strongly believed that in doing so will create a sense of empowerment among students, parents, and teachers.

The Ascension of Western Influence on the World essays

The Ascension of Western Influence on the World essays Fifteenth century improvements in the ability to wage war developed by leveraging gunpowder technology allowed western civilization to create the first truly global empires. As a result, between 1500 and 1800, these empires expanded their influence to about 35 percent of the world's surface.[1] Those civilizations that succumbed had no time to adopt western military technology, failed to integrate it into their existing system, or didn't properly deploy it in battle. The first of these improvements was the siege gun. Its use during the French invasion of Italy in 1494-1495 reduced the time it previously took an army to breach a town's walls from days to hours.[2] Cities once thought impregnable were captured with ease. In 1519, Niccolo Machiavelli wrote, "No wall exists... that artillery cannot destroy in a few days."[3] Invariably, this led to a new system of defense. First, fortress walls were built lower and thicker. The new wall design included artillery towers built at regular intervals to cover blind spots and interlock defensive fires. Then, a wide and deep ditch was dug around the fortification to keep enemy artillery at a greater distance and to increase the difficulty of mining the walls with gunpowder.[4] Capturing a stronghold defended by this new design, required sieges of months, if not years, effectively countering the technological advantage of gunpowder. These new fortresses changed the tactics of war. For every battle fought there were numerous sieges. This required the growth of western armies to At the same time that the army sizes were increasing, the advent of reliable small arms altered the tactics that armies used when they met in the field. The value of cavalry decreased and the infantry consisted of musketeers, ordered in ranks, volley firing. Again, new tactics were developed to counter this development, and armies began to spread out during ba...

Best seven websites in healthcare law Assignment

Best seven websites in healthcare law - Assignment Example The website is effective since it uses simple sentences that are easy to understand in breaking down the facts to its target audience. In this website, the authors criticize the affordable health care act. The website provides the audience with a detailed view of the law as it analyses its various features. The website gives divergent views and the thoughts of people. Unlike the other website, this website criticizes the laws and in doing this expands the audiences’ views on the laws. Such is a significant function that improves the enlightenment of both the electorate and the political elite. This website explains various laws in the country that affects the operation of health facilities in the country and the receipt of the services. The affordable health care act revolutionized the health care sector. The website therefore explains the various features and implications of the law in the country. The website explains the intricate features of the affordable healthcare act. The website introduces the law explaining its implications in simple language. The law seeks to increase the number of middle class Americans receiving high quality health care in the country. The law introduces new legal features that ensure that the society’s poor receive quality health care. Key among the features is accountability of the insurance service providers. In doing this, the law enlightens the populace on the responsibilities of the numerous insurance service providers in the country. New York Times is a daily news publication that covers various issues affecting the lives of the citizens. In the website, the company details numerous features of health law reforms in the United States. The website provides an informative view to various health law reforms in the country including the actions of the policy makers and the implications of such actions. The website provides a

Did women have a Renaissance Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Did women have a Renaissance - Term Paper Example It is also pertinent to note that the female gender saw an increase in educational opportunities during the renaissance. Though, this was actually slight when compared to the opportunities that came the way of men during this period, but the fact remains that the women saw an improvement in the educational opportunities that came their way during the renaissance especially the women in the upper class. The renaissance was a period when the world had more women from rich families attending private lessons at home or schools of the royal court. However, there was a limitation in this regard as the women were only made to study subjects that are suited for them. Subjects such as: art, dancing, music, needlework, and poetry were the ones that people felt should be studied by women. According to Matthews & Platt, â€Å"Work was increasingly divided according to gender, with women being assigned domestic duties and subordinated and restricted within the economic, social, legal, and cultur al system.† (120). Hence, women had restrictions in the area of education during the renaissance. It could then be right to argue that women did not have a total renaissance, but a partial one. The middle and lower class women were not given the kind of privilege that was given to the upper-class women as they limited them, especially the rural peasants to training in household duties such as sewing and cooking. However, there are several women that had the kind of privileges that was given to men and one of them is Isabella d'Este. She was born in 1474 and died in 1539. Isabella was an assiduous woman and a highly intelligent diplomat. Isabella received male education and she collected works of art from foremost artists of the century she lived through. The case of Isabella is just one out of several thousands of women. The fact that Isabella Este rose to the heights that was deemed impossible for women to reach does not necessarily mean that women really had a significant re naissance, but it could be argued that some women showed that what men can do, women can even do far better. The educational status that was attained by Isabella could only be attained by women that were given the kind of educational opportunity that Isabella had. It should also be noted that the education that women received were dominated by the males, hence they could only learn the things that the males allowed them to learn. Hence, women still played second fiddle to their male counterparts in the area of education (Cairns). There were also well-grounded female scholars that were writing during the period of the Renaissance. Women began to participate freely during the Renaissance as this period saw an increase in the number of female artists, musicians and poets. Though, the period of Renaissance saw more women entering the intellectual life, but they did play any significant role when compared to the roles that the men played during this period. Some women actually proved to their male counterparts that they were capable of holding political powers during the Renaissance period. One of them was Queen Elizabeth I of England. The manner at which Queen Elizabeth ruled her kingdom showed that women were ready to take over key leadership roles from their male counterparts. The impact made by Elizabeth as a woman did not really change the

Timeline of Historical Events (Prehistoric to Postmodern Era) Essay Example for Free

Timeline of Historical Events (Prehistoric to Postmodern Era) Essay Timeline of Historical Events (Prehistoric to Postmodern Era) The events industry started to take shape from the prehistoric age where the most primitive forms of human activity took place, following an enabling experience from evolutionary patterns (Goldblatt 2010, p12). As widely held in historical theories, invention as a factor of necessity implies that the origin of most creative ways of making life easy began as supported by realization that man needed them to survive in the changing life experiences. Firstly, the prehistoric era events included the emergence of Homo sapiens sapiens, the man with an enhanced brain activity able to support different high-level primate intelligence chores such as tool making, cultivation of crops, and domestication of animals. In summary, civilization of Europe and Asia contribute the major events that took place with specific account of the UK. Emergence of early industries based on agricultural culture supports the origin of other industries such as metal industry initially targeted at tool making. Demand factors during this era must have been characterized by a food industry such as labor for production (eif 2011, p3). Secondly, the Ancient era advanced needs included record keeping, governance, education and emergence of cities. Demand and supply factors for such activities included food production and education as required by the emergent civilization. Other related ages in succession include Middle Ages, High Medieval, Renaissance and Age of Exploration characterized by political and religious events earlier precipitated in the Ancient Ages. The Modern Era with a cluster of related eras such as Puritan Era, Enlightenment Era, Romantic Era, Petroleum era and High Modern Era characterized a series of events based on innovation, mass industrial production and mass agricultural production. The Postmodern Era beginning in the mid-1900s characterize the information age based on high innovation and intelligent operations in production, education, management and governance, variously referred to as the scientific revolution (Ackermann et al. 2008, pxxx).

Macro Environment Analysis of General Motors (GM)

Macro Environment Analysis of General Motors (GM) In reflecting the macro environment, it is vital for us to identify the factors that might affect the number of variables which can influence the organizations supply and demand levels and the costs as well. The drastic changes in society day by day will create an impact on the function of the whole organization (Allaya, 2008). The political environment is basically the laws and regulations that a particular business has to follow in order to make sure the business owners do not get arrested or being fined for not following the regulations. The domestic market of General Motors in USA has played an important in the political environment of the country. In the last election, the company has contributed almost $802,500 dollars with 52% of that amount given to the Democrats. The company congratulated President Barack Obama on his election by displaying the Detroit Auto Show 2009 as the first African- American president of the United States (Hardigree, 2009). This contribution has improved the reputation of the company. However, the company were declared bankrupt in 2009 and has affected thousands of jobs, shuttering dozens of assembly and parts plants and closing more than 1000 car dealerships worldwide (White, 2010) But with the help of the new President, he promised that these company will not face such problem in the future and the government will contribute almost $30 billion to reorganized the company. 1.2 Economical Environment The domestic economic environment in each country is highly integrated with other countries as well. The understanding of economic environments of foreign countries and markets may help the managers in your company to predict how the trends and events in their environment can take effect of the respective companies future performance (Witiger, 2010). Due to the recent bankruptcy issue, the new Obama policy has caused the company to fall into the governments hand with 62% of ownership. Besides that, the company is making a drastic change which is affecting at least 20% of the salaried workforce to be cut off. Moreover, assets are sold at $4 to $7 billion and halting its quarterly dividend payout (Chubb, 2008). In a recent research, the first quarter of 2009, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) decline of -5.7% which is considered as the worst performance of the company in 60 years of business. But personal consumption expenditures offered a positive contribution. It increased 1.5% in quarter compared to 4.3% in quarter four (Wall Street, 2009). 1.3 Socio-cultural environment The social and cultural differences can influence the business from country to country. General Motors creates environmental principles to serve the society in United States by dedicating protection for human health, natural resources and global environment. The company is aware of the impact on the products and manufacturing facilities when integrating with environment. In order to follow the trend, the company is constantly improving the performance of the new vehicles and also the processes used to manufacture those vehicles. The initiatives to help the environment are fuel economy, reduction of green house gas emission, recycling and reduce air pollution. Moreover, contributions in monetary and intellectual to the education community are one of the socio-cultural as well. This initiative is designed to help the young people to ensure their involvement in thinking smart and provide workable solution for their future challenges (GM, 2010). 1.4 Technological Environment Technology is highly reputable amongst various sources on strategic management. It is widely used in organizations and industry part of model which creates competitive advantage. Currently, technology that is creating impact in the US market is electric cars. These cars are expected to have major impact in the present and future auto industry as it can provide reduction in city pollution, less dependence on oil and expected rise in gasoline prices (Macalister, 2010) The company have launched the latest Chevrolet Volt which is an electric car that can operate under the range of weather climates and driving conditions which will not cause problem by a minimal battery level (GM, 2010) This new advanced technology innovate consumers to purchase one because it will help to improve the environment and to live a healthy lifestyle. Moreover, spending more money on research and development can help the company to provide the latest product for their consumers base on the new trends and brand type. 2.0 International Consideration General Motors is a company with diverse brands and choices. The company sells over 7.5 million vehicles in over 120 countries worldwide and are confident to be the number one choice for the consumers and able to provide the latest technology that can benefit their customers. 2.1 Operations General Motors have expanded their business to international market in North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Australia, and Asia/ Middle East as well. As we know, General Motors do not only manufacture and sell vehicles but the company also provide other product and services such as GM mobility which can help those people with special needs and disabilities, GM OnStar provide a comprehensive in-vehicle safety, security and communication service, and GM Cardmember Services. Besides that, genuine parts and accessories of General Motors are sold through GM Goodwrench and AcDelco brands to suppliers which is authorised by General Motors itself and to be distributed worldwide (GM, 2010). 2.2 Involvement in international business The companys recent involvement in global market is with South Korea with majority shareholders investing in GM Daewoo Auto and Technology Co. of South Korea. The GM Powertrain product has a purchasing collaboration with Suzuki Motors Corp, and Isuzu Motors of Japan. Big giants such as Toyota, Daimler, Chrysler and BMW collaborate with General Motors for its advanced technology in manufacturing vehicles (GM, 2010). As one of the top automotive manufacturer, it is best for us to have a better relationship with other countries because it will help to expand the companys business and brand reputation. In order to expand our business internationally, we need to consider about the country that the company want to export or start a business, the cost, type of customers, and the competitors in that country which will be our rivals. It will not be an easy task for the company to globalise their business because we need to get licence from the government to start the business and we need to m eet their requirement in order to sell our products. 2.3 Internationalization Method There are several internationalization methods the company used in international business which are by export based consists of direct exporting and indirect exporting, acquisitions, joint ventures and strategic alliances . We are already exporting our products to China. Base on pass results, the company have managed to export $ 1billion worth of vehicles, component kits, machinery and equipments (Chinadaily, 2008). Besides that, General Motors have acquisition with AmeriCredit Corp and it is named as General Motors Financial Company. This acquisition is formed to help customers on their vehicle financing especially in US and Canada (GM, 2010). On the other hand, General Motors acquisition with Chrysler worth $5 billion turned into disaster as there were no sales to raise cash and the company lost $2.5 billion. New United Motor Manufacturing Inc(NUMMI) was once run by General Motors, due to internal problems such sex, drugs and well known for producing defective vehicles, Toyota agreed to joint venture with General Motors to solve these problems. There were misunderstandings occurred between the Japanese and American because of differences in culture and behaviour. Some of our employees at NUMMI were not happy with the management, they sabotaged the vehicles, and they put coke bottles into the door panels to annoy customers. The reason why Toyota agreed to joint venture with our company is because they were facing import restrictions from US Congress and with this help they can start building small cars in US. But they decided to terminate the agreement due to lack of improvement in our management (Langfitt, 2010). 3.0 The Growth of Business To potray alternative corporate growth strategies, Igor Ansoff created a market matrix that focuses on the companys present and future products in the market. There are several ways to grow the firms existing product and new products along with existing markets and new markets. In order to achieve this strategy, there are four product market combinations in Ansoff Matrix which can help to establish the growth of business of General Motors. 3.1 Market Penetration The first growth strategy the company should use is market penetration. This strategy is used to achieve growth in our existing products in our current market segment in order to increase the market share of this company. By maintaining the market share in a growing market will improve the growth of the product and we may have opportunities to increase our market share when our competitors have reach their capacity limits in the market (Botten, 2009). In todays world, more people are conscious about the environment therefore we should produce hybrid vehicles to meet the current market and increase our market share as well. As consumers are more concern about the rising of fuel prices that lead them to require alternative fuel sources, we should create a variety of hybrid cars base on consumers affordability (Gray and Pawlovski, 2007). In our current market, there are several hybrid vehicles which allow consumers to choose what type of vehicle they require. They can either choose Buick Lacrosse Hybrid, GMC Yukon Denali Hybrid, Cadillac Escalade Hybrid, Chevrolet Silverado Hybrid, Chevrolet Tahoe Hybrid, GMC Sierra Hybrid or GMC Yukon Hybrid. These vehicles are designed to efficiently boost their travels in busy city, streets or open highway (GM, 2010). 3.2 Market Development Market development is the second growth strategy we should consider using. This strategy enables us to market our current existing products into a new market segment. Venturing this existing product into a new place will not be easy for us because we will have competitors in that new market. There are many possible ways in approaching to this strategy (Botten, 2009). One of the strategies is by exporting our products to our branch in Shanghai GM, China. Previously, our company have raised its stake in a joint venture with Wuling Group in China which is the manufacturer for small passengers vans in Chinese market. Raising its stake in this company has helped us to generate profit in China because commercial vehicles in that country have a lower unit of profit (Schepp, 2010). Shanghai GM sold almost 1.8 million cars and trucks in China alone which is just below what we have sold in USA during that year (Mucha, 2010). As the second top seller of General Motors Co., we should start selling hybrid vehicles in this country so that the Chinese citizen will start practising this culture to be an environmentally-friendly. The Buick Lacrosse will be the best choice to start our first hybrid vehicle. This vehicle will go into mass production of Shanghai GM plant and we should not expect a high volume of sales in short period of time but we are able to bring this new technology into Chinas new market that will support sustainable growth and lead consumers into the right direction to save the environment (Baker, 2008). 3.3 Product Development Product development will be our next strategy which is to market a new product into our existing market. This strategy will be appropriate to our existing customers and it will not be an easy task for the company because we are implementing a new product and we do not know whether this product will generate profit to this company (Botten, 2009). This new product will help us to have a better environment. Likewise, hybrid vehicles are created to save fuel and to have a cleaner environment. Chevrolet Volt will be the best option for us to market our new product. This car is powered by electricity and runs with gas and emission free. The advantage of having this car is it only commutes gas free on electric for an average of USD 1.50 per day. This product should be priced reasonably in order for us to impress our customers with our low price on electric cars (Evarts, 2009). If we set the price at a very high rate then it will damage the companys reputation and endanger our financial future by taking us far behind from our competition in the industry. 3.4 Diversification Finally, the fourth strategy is diversification and it is considered as the most risky among the four growth strategies of Ansoff matrix. This strategy requires us to create new products into a new market. However, diversification may tend to be less risky if we have the opportunity to generate high rate of return. As one of the top automotive manufacturers in the world, we should take advantage in any opportunity that we can get in this growing market (Botten, 2009). General Motors can expand business in South American countries such as Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay. We need to spend at least $500 million to finance the manufacturing and this centre will be responsible in developing small cars of General Motors in order to support and boost our operations in General Motors Daewoo in Korea (Klum, 2010). There are six latest car models that we can sell in the new market. The models are Celtic, Classic, Corsa, Prism, Malibu, and Agile (General Motors, 2010). We need to have promotion for these cars to impress consumers to buy our product. Our competitor Honda will be releasing their latest Honda Accord in the market so our best product that can compete with Accord is Malibu (Klum, 2010). 4.0 New Venture In order to venture our business in a country, we need to consider the economic strength of the country and whether the consumers have the capabilities in purchasing our products. As the new venture in the automotive industry, we might face risk in pure competition in rates of return across other firms and industries. To obtain a good business and strength we can use Porters Five Forces as our guideline to achieve this. 4.1 Rivalry There is rivalry in every business industry and it is the main hub of porters five forces. Although at times rivalry amongst companies brings many positive factors, the negative should not be looked upon lightly. Competition constantly influences prices of automobile to drop. However, in Brunei rivalry takes place amongst imported brands such as Toyota, Nissan and Proton where car are priced at a cheaper rate compared to neighbouring countries. Thus, quality control plays an important role in the sales of cars. Besides that, the elimination of taxes also ensures that prices of cars are cheap. (Too, 2007) The automobile industry in Brunei is a thriving industry because although it is populated by approximately 400,000 people, sales of cars average at a thousand passenger vehicle a month (Too, 2010). Thus, Brunei provides a suitable market for our company to market our products. 4.2 Threats of Substitutes Besides that, threats by new entry substitutes should also be considered. Generally, when a company starts up, they have price elasticity and this forces price down. However, this is only a small threat as entry barriers protect established companies. Buyers would always be inclined to purchase automobiles based on personal liking. Therefore, marketing of products play an important key in ensuring that sales of cars increase. The entry of Proton in the Brunei market for example, showed that buyers doesnt necessarily buy new products based on promotion but rather the quality of vehicle at hand (BruneiTimes, 2009). Thus, as new ventures ourselves, we need to ensure that promotion of our product runs smoothly without any glitch to ensure establishment of our firm. 4.3 Barriers to Entry Being a company interested in venturing our company into Brunei, barriers to entry must be taken into account. Barriers such as government policies, capital requirement and brand identity may hinder the set up of our company in Brunei. The government of Brunei will waive 20% of import duty however they would incur a 20% tax on excise duty (Brunei Times, 2008). In order for our company to venture in Brunei we would need a firm financial foundation. The capital requirement to start up the business must ensure that our operational cost to facilitate research and development, globalisation and flexible manufacturing is possible. (Beaudette, Fitzgeraldand and Morath, 2009) Lastly, the identity of our brand must be known to consumers. The attributes of a car is very important in promoting. The first attribute that is looked upon is the style and appearance of the vehicle. (Karolefski, 2003). Branding of our products should also concentrate on safety and performance of the vehicle to ensure satisfaction among users. 4.4 Buyer Power The buying power of consumers in Brunei should be analyze before a venture takes place. In a country with more than 400, 000 citizens it would appear that sales would not be as promising but according to statistics, the average of car sales in Brunei is at a thousand passenger a month. Besides that, Brunei is ranked one of the top in the world when it comes to the Gross income per capita at $26,325.00 per personin the year 2009 which is one of the highest in Asia. (World Bank, 2009) This shows that with the right marketing strategy, buyers would definitely purchase our cars. The amount of supplies must correspond with the amount of buyers. Being one of the smaller nations, this would probably be a setback in our set up. The product differentiation is also a factor when it comes to buyers. As some companies produce eco-friendly vehicles, our hybrid car would definitely be a competition to other companies. The first green car in Brunei which is Toyota Prius, would not be an issue if we can bring in a better product into Brunei such as Chevrolet Volt which is fully ran by electric compared to Prius which is only a Hybrid car. (Bahar, 2010) 4.5 Supplier Power Lastly, before venturing our business in Brunei we should consider the supply power to ensure that we could meet the demand. The demand for smaller car has definitely increased due to the increase in fuel prices. Thus, it is crucial that our company has the supply to meet the demand of the consumer in Brunei. (Henry, 2008) Our company would do well in Brunei by marketing an eco friendly car as the only car in the market are hybrid cars. The differentiation would boost business as most consumers are more eco friendly. The presence of substitute input also lowers the power of the suppliers. For example in the automotive industry fuelled powered cars can be substituted with hybrid cars. This lowers the power of the petrol fuelled cars (Simerly, 2002). The lack of substitutes in the eco-friendly environment would guarantee an increase in supply and hence an increase in demand. As consumers are more willing to purchase new vehicles, the supply should always be balanced with the demand of consumers (Cristello, 2009). The availability of credit as well as the low prices fixed would determine the amount of demand that is created and as a new venturing company; our supply should meet the target.

Building Your Own Legacy: A Retirement Speech

It was 1966 when a young [man/woman] entered this company immature and raw, with an overall purpose of doing nothing but being able to exit it with the accomplishment that only the best employees could have done.This [man/woman] who is now about to exit the door of this company, now proudly declares that the best thing that an employee could have done in [his/her] working career is being able to leave behind a legacy that is unique to [his/her] characteristic and ability, receptive to all obtainable opportunities, passionate to all types of toil or hustle, and commendable to as many colleagues as the situation can.On this day, we commemorate the celebration of this [man/woman]’s retirement in a profession where only the striving is able to reach the end of the road, with a pen in the right hand and a pad on the left, regardless of our company’s opportunities, objectives, and general mission. This [man/woman] was able to contribute a great deal to us.It was the year 1973 when [he/she] was given an integrity award for being able to write a forty-two-paged report on the MA Hub Jetliner Crash in Boston on July of that same year. By 1979, [he/she] was declared as The Most Valuable Employee of the Year for having been driven public contribution that reached $2. 3 million in totality for the Give a Gift on Christmas. It was an award that repeated again in 1983 for our Share a Lot Project that gave the company recognition award from the U.  S. Department of Labor.There were also awards, recognitions and special accolades in the years 1987, 1991, 1995, 2000, 2003, and 2008 for achievements, which told us that this [man/woman] born in [name of city] is one that redefined the true meaning of what a real employee is: one that is built in true service of his department and the company for the betterment of the public and the country.It appears that the self is worthless without the passion to serve other people for a future that is bright, bountiful, and boo ming. Reference Events that touched our ancestors’ lives. (2008). Retrieved November 25, 2008, from http://www3. gendisasters. com/taxonomy_menu/4/239.

Alliance Supermarket & Point-of-Sale (POS) Systems Essay

Introduction A universal product code (UPC) can be easily read by a laser system scanner, which then can be forecasted as a product as a point-of-sale (POS), thus then allowing for a better account of the businesses inventory. In this case, Alliance Supermarket using both these systems to be able to replenish their inventory when the system automatically detects whether a certain product item is in demand. A great plus that a Point-of-sale system can do is treat each store different, but then total their needed inventory for replenishment, then placing a one lump side order to fulfill all orders, then distributing them by stores demands. In this paper, I will help the Chief information officer (CIO), which is in charge of Alliance to see what more can be done with the information that is compiled by the POS system. There will also be a comparison between the products being picked up by the POS system, the customer, and determining what other products, the customer potentially is being persuaded to buy. In addition, looking into the customers, buying habits to analyze a pattern in the each product’s sales or weather patterns. POS System Uses & Customer Service Furthermore, now that we understand the pure functioning of the POS system, we can then identify that POS system current purpose in Alliance, and how it can be used differently introspectively speaking. In addition, when a customer buys a product at the Alliance Supermarket, the  UPC barcode is scanned through a laser system, which then updates the entire Alliance Supermarkets inventory. This allows the Alliance base their product orders through a historical pattern for record of their products that are running low, and are in need of replenishing. Now, Alliance Supermarket does not quite understand that due to its different store locations, there are customers purchasing different products per location basis. Therefore, instead of Alliance grouping all its information per product, Alliance can benefit from allocating the individuals stores product history, thus identifying different behavioral purchases for seasonal items or on purchasing habits. In the efforts of Alliance, continuing the use of using the UPC code will enable Alliance not to ever reach their minimal reorder point of product inventory, because there would be a minimal product level of inventory in place that will be tracked through historical product demand patterns. In addition, when a product gets to a minimum inventory product set, then this is when the product will be reordered, allowing for stress to be relieved from the reordering pressures. â€Å"One way it does this is by using computers to monitor sales data and to order (or stop ordering) as point-of-sale (POS) demand information indicates. This information is transmitted each day to the company’s headquarters (Vonderembse, & White, pp 10.2, 2013). Moving forward, the POS system will allow for the Alliance seasonal items to be reordered in accordance to their last season’s product performances. This is in comparison to Alliance’s current system in place, which is basing their products inventory total by combining all its stores inventory sold. Now, this is where the origination of the current systems problems in place is affecting its customers at different store locations. Thus, customers who are being affecting become customers that are irate due to not having their product on hand at their disposal. The use of this system allows for the demand of customer products not to be overstocked, which will results in having happier customers, and keeping the costs low. The different Alliance store locations can allow for a promotional use of new products by adapting to their customers buying patterns. Creating Reduction in Costs & Increasing Customer Service In an effort to create higher profits, every business goal should be to reduce its costs. One of the ways Alliance can help in costs reduction; it  must first decrease its overhead by adding more self-checkouts, in addition to controlling its inventory. The correct analysis in inventory will also allow for a reduction in costs, as it will reorder what it has needed versus producing overstocking in merchandise. In accordance, the self-checkout aisle will allow more customers to be checked-out in a faster process, thus saving more means on less employees causing customers to be self-checkout through multiple machines, thus allowing for a huge reduction in Alliance’s cost and cause a positive ripple effect in increasing customer service. â€Å"Thinking short-term and cutting hinders costs long-term growth. Practical implications – Leaders need to evaluate their practice, asking questions of themselves and look at making more long-term plans. They need to involve and eng age key personnel now and the in future† (Denton, p 3, 2013). New Approach Methods/Individual Customers The first new approach that Alliance can implement is by using the information purchased by their customers on an individual basis by learning from their habits in purchases been made at Alliance’s different store locations. This will enable Alliance to identify what items are been sought out more than others through this separation of store locations, product preference, and customer demand. For example, I shop at CVS Pharmacy here in Houston, TX, and the why they attract us back in the store is through coupons that can be used for items, we normally but, in other words, Alliance needs to be able to weather different products to continue to drive them to the stores new promotional avenues. Therefore, if Alliance uses the same method CVS Pharmacy uses in order to attract more walk-in customers, Alliance needs to know what products their customers are accustomed to buying, thus identifying new sell opportunities by the use of coupons. Nevertheless, the individual product information can also be used to determine, what purchases are in need of replenishing Alliance’s inventory by identifying their customers buying patterns or habits. â€Å"The rapid proliferation in the use of technology through Point of Sale (POS) data by supermarket retailers has resulted in delivering value to consumers† Pepe, & Pepe, pp 69, 2012). Privacy & Ethics Alliance Supermarket needs to adhere to its privacy and ethical  considerations in order to gather information based off the purchased items using the POS system. Alliance needs to make sure they have all their ducks in a row before they start to analyze their customer’s personal and private buying habits. Therefore, every business needs to keep in mind their customers privacy or ethical concerns due to violating these laws can hinder a business success and customers trust. A business ethics counts for a lot in a customer’s point of view by determining whether an organization is ethical or not will be the decision a customer will have to make before conducting business with them. However, if and when Alliance starts to track its customers personal purchasing habits, Alliance needs to make sure they only analyze those customers that are aware of Alliance objectives, then Alliance can move forward with their mission. In addition, one important thing Alliance needs to remember, is that the information obtained should only be used for business purposes, and not for personal reasons, because this can lead to illegal activity, and breaking a customer’s trust. â€Å"Considering the Internet advertising industry’s current actions, computer users and government regulators would be well advised, both practically and ethically, to move to a user control model in electronic monitoring† (Charters, p 243, 2002). Conclusion In conclusion, the universal product code (UPC) can be easily read by a laser system scanner, which then can be forecasted as a product as a point-of-sale (POS), thus then allowing for a better account of the businesses inventory. In this case, Alliance Supermarket using both these systems to be able to replenish their inventory when the system automatically detects whether a certain product item is in demand. A great plus that a Point-of-sale system can do is treat each store different, but then total their needed inventory for replenishment, then placing a one lump side order to fulfill all orders, then distributing them by stores demands. My findings have resulting in suggesting to the Chief information officer (CIO) of Alliance, based on the information compiled by the UPS & POS systems, that the individual buying habits of their customers buying patterns can lead to a positive approach in each of their product’s sales or weather patterns. In essence, the POS system will allow for better control of Alliance’s inventory, thus reducing costs from a strategic point of view  by fine-tuning their inventory based on individual customers/individual stores, which will accurately determine the appropriate inventory needed replenishing. In addition, adapting a coupon-based system, which will personalize their products in need of marketing base on individual customers buying habits, thus resulting in an increase in customer service. Of course, let us do keep in mind Alliance’s customers privacy, while keeping Alliances Supermarkets Ethical behavioral at an all-time high. Reference: Charters, D. (2002). Electronic monitoring and privacy issues in business marketing: The ethics of the DoubleClick experience. Journal of Business Ethics, 35(4), 243-254. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/198066766?accountid=32521 Denton, A. (2013). Why is productivity falling in 2013? the role of leadership in creating growth during the recession. Strategic Direction, 29(7), 3-5. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/SD-04-2013-0010 Pepe, M. R., & Pepe, M. S. (2012). Using point of sale (POS) data to deliver customer value in the supermarket industry through category management practices. Journal of Marketing Development and Competitiveness, 6(1), 69-73. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1019047228?accountid=32521 Vonderembse, M.A. & White, G.P. (2013). Operations Management . San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.

The STOP ERA Campaign Against Womens Equality

The STOP ERA Campaign Against Women's Equality STOP  ERA was the name of conservative activist Phyllis Schlaflys campaign against the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) which she founded after Congress passed the proposed amendment in 1972. Her campaign played a significant role in the fight to prevent ERA from being ratified in the 1970s. The Origins of STOP ERA The name of STOP ERA is based on an acronym for Stop Taking Our Privileges.  The campaign argued that women were already protected under the laws of the time and making ERA gender neutral would somehow deprive women of their special protections and privileges. STOP ERAs major supporters were already supporters of Schlaflys conservative group, Eagle Forum, and came from the right wing of the Republican Party. Christian conservatives also organized for STOP ERA and used their churches to provide meeting spaces for events and network with legislators who were valuable to the strategic approach of the movement. Though STOP ERA included people from a wide variety of existing groups, Phyllis Schlafly led the effort and hand-picked state directors to steer the campaign as well. The state organizations raised funds and decided on a strategy for the initiative. The 10-Year Campaign and Beyond The STOP  ERA campaign fought against the amendment from the time it was sent to the states for ratification in 1972 until the final ERA deadline in 1982. Ultimately, ratification of the ERA fell three states short of the number needed to add it to the Constitution. Many organizations, including the National Organization for Women (NOW), continue to work for an amendment guaranteeing equal rights for women. In response, Phyllis Schlafly continued her STOP  ERA campaign through her Eagle Forum organization, which warned that radical feminists and â€Å"activist judges† still want to pass the amendment. Schlafly, however, died in 2016. The Anti-Feminist Philosophy Phyllis Schlafly was so well known for her antagonism to gender equality that the Eagle Forum described her as the â€Å"most articulate and successful opponent of the radical feminist movement.† An advocate for honoring the â€Å"dignityâ€Å" of the role of homemaker, Schlafly called the women’s liberation movement highly detrimental to families and the U.S. as a whole. Reasons to Stop the ERA Phyllis Schlafly traveled across the U.S. throughout the 1970s calling for opposition to the ERA because it would supposedly lead to a reversal in gender roles, same-sex marriages, and women in combat, which would weaken the militarys combat strength. Opponents of the amendment also speculated that it would result in taxpayer-funded abortions, unisex bathrooms, and remove laws that depend on gender to define a sex crime. Perhaps most of all, Schalfy feared that ERA would hurt families and eliminate Social Security benefits for widows and homemakers. Although she had earned a salary, Schalfy did not believe women should be in the paid workforce, especially if they had young children. If women were to stay home and raise families, earning no benefits of their own, Social Security was a necessity. Another concern was that ERA would abolish a husbands legal responsibility to support his wife and family and would alter child support and alimony laws to make them gender neutral. Overall, conservatives worried that the amendment would undermine the authority of men over women, which they saw as the proper power relationship for well-functioning families.   Many of these claims about ERA have been disputed by legal scholars. Still, the STOP  ERA campaign continues to generate news whenever the ERA is reintroduced in national or state legislative sessions. Edited and updated with additional information by Jone Johnson Lewis.

Person-Centred Therapy Essay Essays

Person-Centred Therapy Essay Essays Person-Centred Therapy Essay Essay Person-Centred Therapy Essay Essay Essay Topic: Rogerian Person-centred therapy ( besides referred to as Rogerian Psychology ) is the psychological method founded by the humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers. It is centred on the thought that the person has tremendous potency for understanding themselves and hence is best placed in the resolution of their ain issues without any direct ejaculations from the healer. Hence the therapy revolves around the person as the booster and designer of their ain ego alteration ( Corey. 2009 ) . So it would be pertinent to state that one`s ego construct is of great accent in this therapy and therefore is defined as the personal perceptual experiences one believes about themselves ( Rogers. 2003 ) . The therapy furthermore provinces that all of us have the capacity for growing towards fulfillment of our life`s wants and aspirations. That being said. it is of extreme importance that the healer provides a comfy menace free environment for the person. as to take down their guard. to do it easier for them to tr uly accept who they are as effectual personal growing occurs through minimised defensiveness ( Mearns A ; Thorne. 2007 ) . If the aforesaid life aspirations. potencies and fulfillments are so reached this is referred to as self realization and it is the strong belief of this therapy that this inclination is the one indispensable motivation driving all of us. If this inclination is promoted and helped along. the individual will boom and develop and get down populating what they term â€Å"the good life† . * Behavioural Therapies* Psychoanalytical and Psychodynamic Therapies* Humanistic TherapiesPerson Centred guidance was based around three nucleus conditions. devised by Rogers ;1. Unconditional Positive Regard2. Genuineness/Congruence3. Empathy It is considered indispensable for all counselors to expose these properties and to systematically supply these to each client irrespective of circumstance. The Person Centred attack views the client as their ain best authorization on their ain experience. and it views the client as being to the full capable of carry throughing their ain potency for growing. It recognizes. nevertheless. that accomplishing possible requires favorable conditions and that under inauspicious conditions. persons may good non turn and develop in the ways that they otherwise could. In peculiar. when persons are denied credence and positive respect from others. or when that positive respect is made conditional upon the single behaving in peculiar ways they may get down to lose touch with what their ain experience agencies for them. and their innate inclination to turn in a way consistent with that significance may be stifled. This does offer a alone position for both client and healer to let an unlocking of the client’s echt ego. The premiss of this theory is that human existences are innately good and given free chance they will endeavor for goodness. further reaffirming the nucleus conditions. If we believe that worlds are good. we should ever be able to provide unconditioned positive respect. congruity and empathy. The function that theory dramas in the procedure and result of guidance has been a topic of treatment. for about every bit long as guidance has been a profession. While schools of therapy have argued that different theories produce differing and nonequivalent results. this place has been challenged on legion occasions. Fiedler ( 1951 ) foremost observed that healers of differing orientations were really similar in their positions of the â€Å"ideal therapy. † Then Sundland and Barker ( 1962 ) reported that more experient healers tended to be more similar. regardless of their theoretical orientation. In their extended reappraisal of the topic. Gelso and Carter ( 1985 ) stated that â€Å"m ost clients will gain about every bit ( but in different ways ) from the different therapies† . They go on to propose that the consequence of procedure and relationship do differ among therapies and that some clients may make better with one attack than with another. based upon these two factors. Finally. Stiles. Shapiro and Elliott ( 1986 ) concluded that â€Å" ( a ) common characteristics shared by all psychotherapeuticss underlie or override differences in therapists’ verbal techniques and ( B ) these common characteristics are responsible for the general equality in effectivity ( of therapies ) † . Process and relationship possibly considered every bit relevant as theoretical conceptualization of a given job. One can presume that a guidance procedure must be structured for each client irrespective of what theory you adhere to. The work of Rogers does make this by utilizing the nucleus conditions. nevertheless ; arguably less so than other theories due to a deficiency of distinguishable ‘techniques’ . Hough et al lend the following for a successfu l guidance relationship to happen ; 1. Establish a safe. swearing environment – as outlined by Carl Rogers making a relationship with the client which is in line with the nucleus conditions. 2. Clarify: Help the individual put their concern into words. As the individual centred attack maintains this is how a client would be assisted by being preponderantly speaking and the counselor largely listening. 3. Use Active hearing: happen out the client’s docket. what do they trust to accomplish by coming for reding. a ) Paraphrase. summarise. reflect and construe – To guarantee that there is a greater apprehension of what the client is seeking to state. B ) Focus on feelings. non events – guidance is covering with emotional and mental wellness. so it is of import to unravel the feelings instead than to plane over them. like a layman would make. 4. Transform job statements into end statements – allow the client to picture a program towards achieving their end. 5. Explore possible attacks to end. to narrow and consider their picks. 6. Help individual take one manner towards their end which is executable. 7. Make a contract to carry through the program ( or to take the following measure ) . 8. Summarize what has occurred. clarify. and acquire confirmation from the client that this is still their end. 9. Get feedback and verification that the end remains as earlie r. Ultimately as with all the Counselling paradigms it is cardinal to enable the client to derive control of their ain life and make their ain decisions. The chief paradigms underpin the procedures of reding normally. nevertheless ; the lesser known theoretical accounts are besides used. If this can be agreed upon. this might propose that the Person centred attack does carry through the demands of a healer when naming a job and making a program where they are guided but the content is filled by the client. The Person Centred attack besides gave rise to the construct of ‘The Organismic Self’ ; a province which is considered to genuinely be integral for a short infinite of clip. in basic footings this is a form of our pure selves. being precisely as we are without external influence. This theory tracks our human experience and maintains that this shortly becomes corrupted by what is called the ‘Self Concept’ . Self Concept is the term given to explicate outside influences on the Organismic Self. It could be said that the conflict between who we genuinely are as people and what the universe and important people around us feel we should be is what causes us to experience lost. If we think of the Organismic Self as being at one with ourselves and experiencing that who we are. what we do and our general feeling of interior harmoniousness as being comfy. the opposite is true of the Self Concept. this is by and large a feeling of clumsiness. feeling lost. unreal and can ensue in ulterior life as a crisis. Humanist attacks in general are concerned with subjects which are meaningful to human existences which makes it particularly good as a theory for reding. Humanist attacks are besides considerate of subjective experience and unpredictable events which occur in human lives. Does this so suggest that the Person centred attack is flexible and allows the healer to turn to all affairs which may originate instead than. relatively utilizing a CBT ( Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ) attack which focusses entirely on the present. As a complex of the Person centred attack and general Humanistic theories. it is of import to admit the construct of ‘Self Actualisation’ . The phrase was foremost coined by Kurt Goldstein. but is possibly better known as associated with Abraham Maslow and his Hierarchy Of Needs and is defined as below ; â€Å"†¦ . the desire for self-realization. viz. the inclination for him [ the single ] to go actualised in what he is potentially. This inclination might be phrased as the desire to go more and more what one is. to go everything that one is capable of going. † In mention to his Hierarchy of Needs theory. Maslow advised that merely 1 % of all people are self-actualised which would deduce the demand for reding aid to be great. As mentioned above the flexibleness of this attack may be deemed to let healers to handle a huge figure of clients. as the turning demand for reding emerges. The non-intrusive nature of the therapy a the comparatively comfy set-up of the guidance Sessionss within the Person Centred attack highlights how easy it is to use this attack practically. We surely know of the efficaciousness of the Person Centred attack. in its comtinued usage in modern twenty-four hours therapy. nevertheless ; we must see the strengths of other presently used attacks to exemplify where the Person Centred attack could better. I have chosen to utilize the Psychodynamic attack to research this. One of the strengths of the Psychodynamic Approach is that it provided a valuable penetration into how early experiences or relationships can impact our grownup personality. One of the illustrations of this is that arrested developments can be caused at the Oral Stage of psychosexual development such as being separated from the primary health professional excessively early. These arrested developments can so take to psychological jobs. Supporting grounds for this strength was carried out by Jacobs at Al ( 1966 ) utilizing Rorschach inkblots to compare the orality of tobacco users and non-smokers. It was found that tobacco users emerged as being significantly more unwritten. Another strength of the Psychodynamic Approach is that it is the first attack to seek and try to explicate mental unwellness in psychological footings and has had an tremendous influence on the apprehension and intervention of mental upsets. An illustration of this is Psychoanalysis and Dream Therapy which aims to do the unconscious stuff witting so it is easier to cover with as Freud believed that dreams showed our concealed desires. Evidence to back up this was carried out by Sandell ( 1999 ) who studied the symptoms of more than 700 patients before and after three old ages of depth psychology and found that patients had significantly fewer symptoms after the therapy. The Psychodynamic Approach besides displays failings. in that most of Freud’s is based on findings of instance surveies. and anecdotal mentions where instances are frequently alone and there are jobs with generalization. Like the Psychodynamic Approach. the Person Centred attack does non disregard the importance of historical and childhood events. This is highlignhted in their subtheory ‘Conditions of worth’ which are defined as ‘restrictions imposed on self-expression in order to gain positive regard’ . which are non in and of themselves a bad thing. nevertheless ; it is possible for these conditions to be overused that they can get down to be a job. For illustration a kid will seek to fulfill the status of worth imposed by their parents ; without gaining. parents may make more complex conditions for deriving their attending. As kids grow they learn a new set of regulations for deriving attending. the best forecaster of effect for behaviour is past experience. As such a kid may larn that to have congratulations from their Father is to acquire good consequences at school or fall in the football squad. From another position. a kid may larn that they get more attending when th ey fail at something or are experiencing sad. as opposed to when they are successful and happy. They may besides happen that they are surrounded by more friends. more frequently when they behave in a peculiar manner or indulge in peculiar activities that are ‘acceptable’ . By the clip an single reaches their teenage old ages. most people have a complex system of regulations to stay by if we want to have love. congratulations and positive respect from others. Slowly this system of conditions of worth works its manner into a person’s overall manner of sing the universe they live in. They adopt these conditions as their ain values. barricading out the true organismal values that comprise who they truly are. As their existent ego is blocked out by this adoptive system of values. incongruence consequences. The regulations for love and positive respect lead them to populate a different life. a life incongruent with who they truly are. a life that does non fulfill all their other demands and tragically. frequently doesn’t even genuinely satisfy their demand for positive respect. Due to this. people can go unhappy. dying and down. but frequently they merely try to revise and alter the conditions they are utilizing for positive respect. They may alter their veneer. but non the root of the job. They merely shift the contents of their complex system of worth instead than paring it back and exposing their existent. true values. It’s this latter province that Person Centred therapy seeks to make. leting the counselor to merely seek to take any conditions of worth from their relationship with the client. They offer merely unconditioned positive respect. This creates an environment in which a little cleft is placed in the person’s overarching system of conditional worth. In such an environment the individual can get down to admit and understand what it is they genuinely want and need. These values are ever seeking to be heard. but are blocked out by our complex set of concepts we use to seek to derive conditional positive respect. Person centred therapy merely creates a topographic point where this system is pushed back. and one’s true values can emerge. A individual is so free to see who he is and what he wants. without the menace of a loss of positive respect. No affair what is said. he can anticipate unconditioned respect. Overall this subtheory shows a consistence throughout the Person Centred attack. binding the chief premiss of the nucleus conditions to the manner in which each client is treated. To reason my appraisal of the utility and effectivity of the Person Centred Therapy. I hope to hold demonstrated my current degree of understanding sing this topic and illustrated how it can be used practically. It is clear that the current and uninterrupted widespread usage of the Person-Centred attack attests for its effectivity in pattern. It is good and justified to ever concentrate on the client and their journey through whatever jobs they are confronting and this peculiar attack maintains the healer in making so. I believe that the most effectual method of handling patients is that adopted by Chrysalis. a multidiscipline attack. whereby one can amend the tool used based upon the presented job. MentionsWeb sites ;hypertext transfer protocol: //www. bapca. org. uk/hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Person-centered_therapyhypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Self-actualizationhypertext transfer protocol: //wiki. replies. com/Q/What_is_organismic_selfhypertext transfer protocol: //www. person-centered-therapy. com/conditions-of-worth/Texts ;Edward L. Deci. Richard M. Ryan ( 1985 ) Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behaviour ; Springer Publishing.

Pakistan humanitarian needs (Solar energy and Clean water plants) Assignment

Pakistan humanitarian needs (Solar energy and Clean water plants) - Assignment Example There is clear evidence that Islamists are part of political system following the election of Rehman as the leader of opposition. Tribalism is evident by the number of killings in areas occupied by different tribes like Uzbeks and Chechens. Ethno-nationalism is also evident when militants destroyed energy producing station in Balochistan (Gladstone, 120). The author has a number of claims regarding Pakistan as a weak country due to various reasons including failure to protect its citizens. The author has substantial evidences to support the claims derived from undesirable acts from different groups posing threats to the country. After the analysis of the claims, I have effectively understood the humanitarian needs of the Pakistan people. The cruel acts of militants evident after destruction of Kari-Dor Bridge and Sui gas plants have greatly contributed to answering of the research question. This has given me clear insight of the question. The need for clean water plants and the solar energy to improve the well being of the citizens can be derived

Profile of the origins and appeal of pilgrimages today Coursework

Profile of the origins and appeal of pilgrimages today - Coursework Example Up to the 4th century, when there was a paradigm shift and Christianity became legal, pilgrimage was considered as a purely pagan practice. Christianity in the 4th was controlled in its premature stage by the Constantine the â€Å"Great and the First Council of Nicaea of 325†. This was a contemplative practice since it made Christianity the national church in the Roman Empire. However, on the contrary to the widespread knowledge, the origin of the pilgrimage tradition in Christianity can be traced back to the initial years of the Church. The Christians wanted to visit the places where Jesus was born and resurrected such as Jerusalem and Bethlehem. In the 7th century, the holy lands were taken by Muslim Caliphates, making the pilgrimage a dangerous undertaking for Christians. The Crusaders successfully secured Christian access to the areas during the 12th century. Nonetheless, in the 13th century the area was retaken by the Ayubiddis, maintaining the status quo that had existed before the crusaders came. Hajj is perhaps the most famous pilgrimage tradition of our time. Various research articles point to the fact that the Mecca pilgrimage rituals trace way back to the days of Abraham. These days are considered as the once that generated the spiritual journey that every Muslim faithful is expected to undertake, at least once in his/her lifetime. Nevertheless, the patterns of this ritual that are being witnessed today were established by their prophet Muhammad. A pilgrimage journey is one that is motivated by internal contemplative needs. The objectives of conducting these missions may vary, but all of them are motivated by spiritual anticipations. For instance, when the early Christians went to Rome and Jerusalem, this was a way of showing penitence. This act was essentially to match the spiritual objectives by the Christians. Mother Teresa of Avilla also augmented this argument when she reckoned that the internal spiritual journey was a